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You’ve had it.

As the head of your company’s DevOps process, you’ve been frustrated with the web of APIs your company has created for some time. There’s no centralized governance; there’s no service discovery so developers are constantly searching for the right APIs to use; load balancing is a nightmare … but last night’s security breach tears it. Those credentials should have been deactivated months ago.

It’s time for a real, honest-to-goodness API gateway.

Or maybe you already have an API gateway, but it’s inconsistent across different environments and it hurts team efficiency by requiring constant situational manual interventions. Either way, you’re going to need to move your workloads to a new system that solves these problems. 

Of course, that makes you cringe, too. The migration will be a nightmare.

But it doesn’t have to be.

By doing a strategic migration of your systems and moving a few APIs at a time, you can minimize risk and increase your agility during the process. Yes, it will take a bit longer, and there will be more moving parts, but a solid GitOps strategy will smooth the transition, and it will definitely be worth avoiding the stress that’s churning in your stomach right now as you have another cup of coffee to make up for not sleeping last night

Let’s look at specifically what it takes to perform a strategic migration to an API gateway model.

Phase 1: Planning and Preparation

Just as with everything else in software, the foundation of a successful API gateway migration lies in meticulous planning and preparation. This initial phase sets the stage for a smooth transition by addressing all critical aspects, from gathering detailed requirements to engaging stakeholders and evaluating potential solutions. 

By taking the time to thoroughly prepare, you can identify and mitigate risks, align the migration with business objectives so the execs are on your side, and make sure that all the resources and tools you’ll need are in place. Effective planning not only reduces the likelihood of unforeseen issues but also enhances the overall efficiency and success of the migration process. 

Let’s look at the key steps involved in this phase.

Step 1: Requirement Gathering and Analysis

The first step in a successful API gateway migration is thorough requirement gathering and analysis. Identify and document both business and technical requirements, considering current pain points and future scalability needs. Conduct a detailed analysis of the existing API infrastructure, evaluating functionalities, dependencies, and potential integration challenges. By establishing a comprehensive understanding of requirements, you lay a solid foundation for a strategic and well-executed migration process.

Step 2: Stakeholder Engagement

In this phase you’ll want to closely collaborate with stakeholders to make sure you understand their needs and expectations so the new API gateway aligns with organizational goals.This kind of effective stakeholder engagement is crucial for a successful API gateway migration. 

Start by identifying key stakeholders across departments, including development, operations, security, and business units. Engage with these stakeholders early to gather their input and address their concerns. You want to clearly communicate the benefits of the migration, such as improved security, scalability, and centralized management, but don’t forget to highlight potential risks and the mitigation strategies in place. 

Regular updates and transparent communication throughout the process will help promote trust and collaboration, ensuring all parties are aligned and supportive of your migration efforts. What’s more, engaged stakeholders are more likely to contribute valuable insights and resources, helping move toward the migration’s success.

Step 3: Create a Migration Plan

Now that you’ve spoken to stakeholders it’s time to create a detailed migration plan. Make sure that you:

• Outline each phase of the migration, specifying tasks, timelines, and responsible parties. Include key milestones, risk assessments, and contingency plans to address potential challenges. 
• Define clear objectives for each phase, from initial setup to full deployment, making sure that you align with business and technical goals. 
• Incorporate best practices and lessons learned from previous projects to optimize the migration strategy. 

A well-structured migration plan provides a roadmap for the project, enabling smooth execution, effective resource management, and timely delivery of the new API gateway solution.

Step 4: Assessment and Selection

Now that you know what you need, you can choose a new API gateway. Don’t skimp on the selection process, because you’ll likely live with your choices for a long time. The selection process consists of several steps:

• Start by evaluating various API gateway options against your documented requirements, focusing on scalability, security, ease of integration, cost, and support. 
• Make sure the gateway you choose supports GitOps so you can easily make and rollback changes to your configuration.
• Consider the community and vendor support available for each option. 
• Conduct proof-of-concept tests to validate the gateway’s performance and compatibility with your existing systems. 
• Involve stakeholders in the evaluation process to gather diverse perspectives and ensure all needs are addressed. 

Selecting the right API gateway lays the groundwork for a successful migration and long-term operational efficiency (not to mention fewer sleepless nights) so take all the time you need (within reason).

You can learn how to evaluate modern API gateways in our Buyer’s Guide for Modern API Gateways.

Step 5: Define Success Criteria

Now that you know what you’re trying to do, you need to decide how you’ll know when you’ve done it. Defining clear success criteria is essential to measure the effectiveness of the API gateway migration. Good success criteria will:

• Establish specific, measurable goals beyond just completing the migration from point A to point B. 
• Include key performance indicators (KPIs) such as improved latency, fewer security vulnerabilities, and increased scalability. 
• Set benchmarks for user satisfaction, system reliability, and overall performance improvements. 
• Ensure these criteria align with both business and technical objectives, providing a comprehensive framework for evaluating the migration’s success. 

Clearly articulate what success looks like, so you can focus your efforts, track your progress, and demonstrate the value of the migration to stakeholders.

Step 6: Environment Setup

Now you’ll need the environment in which to perform the migration. Obviously you’ll need a testing environment, because you wouldn’t run this directly in production, right? Right???

You’ll want a testing environment that closely mirrors the production setup to identify and address potential issues early. Make sure all the necessary tools and resources, such as monitoring systems, logging mechanisms, and CI/CD pipelines, are in place and properly configured. 

Basically, make sure you can do thorough testing and validation of the new API gateway before it goes live. You need to be able to mitigate risks, improve system stability, and ensure a smoother transition to the new gateway.

Phase 2: Initial Rollout

The initial rollout phase is where the groundwork you laid during planning and preparation begins to take shape. This phase focuses on carefully selecting a pilot group of APIs for migration, configuring and deploying the new API gateway, and conducting thorough testing to ensure everything operates smoothly. It also emphasizes the importance of monitoring and gathering feedback to refine the process before moving on to broader implementation. By starting with a controlled and manageable subset of APIs, you can identify and address any issues early on.

Step 1: Pilot Group Selection

Selecting the right pilot group is critical for a successful initial rollout of the API gateway migration. You want to identify a small, manageable set of APIs and functionalities to migrate first, prioritizing non-critical or low-risk APIs to minimize potential impact of any issues. 

Choose APIs that represent a variety of use cases to comprehensively test the new gateway’s capabilities, and involve a cross-functional team of developers, testers, and users to ensure diverse feedback. Having the proper team helps you validate the migration process, identify and resolve issues early, and build confidence for subsequent phases of the migration.

Step 2: Configuration and Deployment

The configuration and deployment phase is where everything comes to fruition. You’ll want to:

• Begin by configuring the new API gateway according to the documented requirements, ensuring all settings align with your security, performance, and integration needs. 
• Deploy the selected APIs to the new gateway in the testing environment, meticulously following your migration plan. 
• Utilize automated deployment tools to streamline the process and reduce the risk of human error. 

If this step fails, your migration fails, so be extra diligent. 

Step 3: Testing

Now you need to thoroughly test to ensure the new API gateway functions correctly and meets all specified requirements. To make sure that everything is working properly:

• Perform a comprehensive suite of tests, including functional, performance, security, and integration testing. 
• Use automated testing tools to enhance efficiency and coverage, ensuring all aspects of the gateway are evaluated. 
• Verify that the new gateway handles API requests correctly, maintains performance standards, and adheres to security protocols. 

Testing should simulate real-world scenarios to uncover any potential issues so you can identify and resolve problems early, before they impact your users.

Step 4: Monitoring and Feedback

Once you’ve done the initial deployment of the API gateway, ongoing monitoring and feedback collection are crucial. Make sure that you:

• Continuously track the performance and usage of the migrated APIs, comparing them against predefined success criteria. 
• Use monitoring tools to detect anomalies, measure response times, and assess overall system health. 
• Collect feedback from users and developers to identify any issues or areas for improvement. 
• Document lessons learned during this phase to refine the migration process. 

At this stage, negative comments are actually a good thing, because they will help you make the system better. By actively monitoring and gathering feedback, you can promptly address any problems and optimize not only the gateway’s performance, but also the overall process internally.

Phase 3: Gradual Expansion

Now that you’ve done the initial rollout and you know that everything works, it’s time to start giving users access to the new gateway.

This phase involves iteratively migrating additional APIs to the new gateway in small, manageable batches, doing regular testing, monitoring for issues, and keeping stakeholders in the loop. To ensure continuity and reliability, in this phase you’ll operate the old and new gateways in parallel. 

Step 1: Parallel Operation

In this phase you’re making the new API gateway available, but you’ll still need the old one, both as a fallback for the migrated APIs and because it’s got the non-migrated API’s on it. In other words, operating the old and new API gateways in parallel ensures a safety net during the migration process. 

This dual operation enables you to seamlessly switch between gateways if issues arise, minimizing downtime and service disruptions. Implement version control and routing strategies to efficiently manage API traffic between the two gateways and ensure smooth transitions and consistent performance. 

This parallel setup also provides an opportunity to compare the performance and functionality of both gateways in real-time. By maintaining parallel operation, you can safeguard against potential problems, ensure reliability, and build confidence before fully decommissioning the old gateway.

Step 2: Iterative Migration

Iterative migration involves gradually moving additional APIs to the new gateway in manageable batches. When you started, you started with the least critical so that any issues that came up caused the least amount of disruption. Now it’s time to reverse that. Prioritize the business’s most important APIs (e.g., the biggest volume, or the most complex) to move the most workloads to the new API gateway. 

Another approach is to start with the APIs that hurt the most, then the rest is easy. If you leave the most painful APIs for last, there is a very good chance that they will not be migrated as the team’s focus shifts over time.

After each batch, perform the same thorough testing, monitoring, and feedback collection as in the initial rollout phase. This incremental approach allows for continuous assessment and adjustment, reducing risks and ensuring stability at each step.

Step 3: Stakeholder Communication

Effective stakeholder communication is essential throughout the migration process. To keep in touch with stakeholders:

• Regularly update users, developers, and business stakeholders on the progress of the migration, highlighting milestones and addressing any concerns. 
• Share insights from monitoring and feedback phases to demonstrate transparency and build trust. 
• Evaluate the migration’s impact against success criteria and communicate these results to stakeholders, showing tangible benefits and improvements. 

By maintaining open lines of communication and involving stakeholders at every stage, you can ensure alignment with organizational goals and get continued support for the migration initiative, which will be important at budget time.

Step 4: Documentation and Training

Comprehensive documentation and training help you make sure your transition to the new API gateway is smooth. In this step, do the following:

• Update all API documentation to reflect the changes and new capabilities introduced by the new gateway. 
• Make sure that this documentation is clear, detailed, and easily accessible to developers and users.
• Provide training sessions to familiarize the development team and end-users with the new system. 
• Offer ongoing support and resources, such as tutorials and FAQs, to assist with the transition. 

By investing in thorough documentation and effective training, you can facilitate user adoption, reduce onboarding time, and enhance the overall success of the migration.

Phase 4: Full Migration and Decommissioning

You’re almost there! The final phase of the API gateway migration involves the complete transition of all remaining APIs and the careful decommissioning of the old gateway. This phase focuses on ensuring that all functionalities and dependencies are successfully replicated or enhanced in the new gateway. 

For example, post-migration monitoring is crucial to verify stability and performance, while continuous improvement efforts ensure the gateway remains optimized and aligned with business needs. Additionally, the decommissioning process involves securely phasing out the old infrastructure, ensuring no residual traffic or dependencies remain. By executing a thorough and methodical migration and decommissioning, you can achieve a successful transition and position your organization for ongoing API gateway success. 

Let’s delve into the specific steps involved in this final migration and decommissioning phase.

Step 1: Final Migration

The final migration phase involves moving the remaining APIs to the new gateway, ensuring that all functionalities of the old gateway are replicated or enhanced. You’ll want to:

• Conduct a thorough review to confirm that all dependencies are addressed and that no critical elements are overlooked. 
• Execute the migration carefully, following established procedures to minimize disruptions. 
• Once the final APIs are successfully migrated, perform comprehensive testing to verify that the new gateway operates smoothly and meets all performance, security, and functionality criteria.

Be meticulous in this step; you’re almost finished, it would be a shame if everything fell apart now, just when you were starting to believe you were going to be rid of all this pain.

Step 2: Decommissioning

Decommissioning the old API gateway is the final step in the migration process, coming after all workloads are being executed on the new gateway. To get there: 

• Verify that all dependencies are removed and that no residual traffic is being routed through the old gateway. 
• Conduct a thorough audit to confirm that all functionalities have been successfully transferred and are operating as expected on the new gateway. 
• Once you’re comfortable that everything has been moved to the new system and is running properly, you can proceed with securely shutting down and dismantling the old gateway infrastructure. 

Proper decommissioning ensures a clean transition, reduces maintenance overhead, and eliminates potential security vulnerabilities associated with the outdated system. So, tempting as it may be to leave the old system in place “just in case,” don’t.

Step 3: Post-Migration Monitoring

Now that you’ve shut down the old system you’ll be tempted to consider the project finished, but it’s not. You need to continuously monitor the new gateway to track its operation, identify any issues, and assess its performance against predefined success criteria, using monitoring tools to gather real-time data on API usage, latency, and error rates. 

Should any post-migration issues pop up (as they almost definitely will) make sure to address them immediately to maintain service reliability and user satisfaction. Regularly review and analyze the monitoring data to identify trends and areas for further optimization. 

Effective post-migration monitoring helps maintain the integrity of the new gateway and supports ongoing improvements.

Step 4: Continuous Improvement

Speaking of ongoing improvements, continuous improvement is key to maximizing the benefits of your new API gateway. After the migration, regularly evaluate the gateway’s performance, security, and scalability to identify areas for enhancement and implement iterative updates and optimizations based on user feedback and monitoring data. 

Stay informed about emerging technologies and best practices to keep your API gateway up-to-date. The idea is to create a culture of continuous learning and adaptation within your team to proactively address challenges and leverage new opportunities. By committing to continuous improvement, you ensure that your API gateway remains robust, efficient, and aligned with evolving business needs.

Additional Considerations

Now, while all of that may cover the actual migration, there are a few more things you need to consider, both positive and negative.

Security

Ensuring robust security measures is essential when migrating to a new API gateway, so make sure that you: 

• Implement strong authentication and authorization protocols to protect your APIs from unauthorized access. 
• Use encryption to safeguard data in transit and at rest. 
• Regularly conduct security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and address potential threats. 
• Integrate security best practices into your development and deployment processes, ensuring that security is a continuous focus. 
• Stay updated on the latest security trends and threats to proactively defend against emerging risks. 

Remember, security shouldn’t be a “bolt-on.”

Scalability and Performance

Designing for scalability and performance is crucial for the long-term success of your new API gateway, and is probably one of the reasons you decided to upgrade in the first place. To do that: 

• Ensure the gateway can handle increased traffic and grow alongside your business needs by implementing scalable architecture and infrastructure. 
• Optimize performance by fine-tuning configurations, employing efficient load balancing, and utilizing caching strategies to reduce latency. 
• Regularly conduct performance testing to identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement. 
• Monitor the gateway’s performance metrics to ensure it meets or exceeds current capabilities and adapts to varying loads. 

By focusing on scalability and performance, you can deliver a reliable and responsive API experience to your users.

Easy Rollbacks

When you’re selecting a new API gateway, you want to make sure to implement easy rollback mechanisms to ensure that configuration changes and deployments can be quickly reversed in case of issues. 

The best way to do this is to use a system that is based on version control, tracking changes, and maintaining previous versions of configurations and code. This enables you to automate rollback procedures within your CI/CD pipeline to enable rapid and reliable reversion to stable states. 

This architecture is called GitOps, because you are essentially controlling your system by making changes to a git repository and merging them. The changes are then propagated to the API gateway platform’s configuration. (Remember that not all API Gateways support this capability. Traefik API Gateway is one that does.)

Regularly test rollback processes in your testing environment to ensure they function as expected. By planning for easy rollbacks, you can quickly address unforeseen problems, maintain service continuity, and reduce the impact of potential disruptions during the migration process.

Backup and Recovery

As with anything else in software, implementing a robust backup and recovery plan is critical for safeguarding your data during the API gateway migration. Make sure to:

• Regularly back up all configurations, data, and critical system components to secure storage locations. 
• Ensure that backups are comprehensive and include all necessary elements to restore operations in case of data loss or corruption. 
• Test recovery procedures frequently to verify that backups can be restored quickly and effectively. 
• Implement automated backup solutions to maintain up-to-date copies of your data. 

All of this is in order to ensure business continuity, protect against data loss, and quickly recover from any unexpected issues during the migration.

Team Collaboration

Strong team collaboration is vital for a successful API gateway migration, and fortunately, the way GitOps works fosters that spirit of collaboration, as everyone can work together without stepping on each other. You can further this goal by making sure to:

• Promote open communication and collaboration among all team members, including developers, operations, security, and business stakeholders. 
• Use collaborative tools and platforms to share information, track progress, and coordinate tasks effectively. 
• Conduct regular meetings and update sessions to keep everyone aligned and informed about the migration’s status and any emerging issues. 
• Encourage a culture of teamwork and collective problem-solving to leverage diverse expertise and perspectives. 

By enhancing team collaboration, you can ensure a smoother migration process.

Compliance and Governance

Ensuring compliance and robust governance is essential when choosing and migrating to a new API gateway. Some things to consider:

• Align the new gateway with relevant regulations and industry standards, such as FIPS-140-3, GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI-DSS, to maintain compliance and avoid legal issues. 
• Implement governance policies to manage the API lifecycle, including versioning, deprecation, and documentation standards. 
• Regularly review and audit the gateway to ensure ongoing adherence to compliance requirements and internal policies. 
• Establish clear roles and responsibilities for governance to maintain accountability and transparency. 

By focusing on compliance and governance, you can protect your organization from regulatory risks and ensure the API gateway operates within established guidelines.

Conclusion

Migrating to a new API gateway is complex but highly rewarding. It requires strategic planning, meticulous execution, and continuous improvement. However, by following a phased approach, you can minimize risks, ensure a smooth transition, and achieve significant improvements in API management, security, and performance. 

Each phase, from initial planning and preparation through to full migration and decommissioning, plays a crucial role in the overall success of the project. Additionally, addressing key considerations such as security, scalability, compliance, and team collaboration further strengthens the migration process. 

As an IT Director, leading this strategic migration not only enhances your organization’s technological capabilities but also positions you for long-term success in managing and optimizing your operations. 

Embrace the journey, leverage the insights gained along the way, and transform your API infrastructure for the future.

… And finally get some sleep.